Fort Cornwallis

Step into Penang’s oldest European fort—Fort Cornwallis—a heritage treasure that tells stories of colonial power, maritime defense, and local resistance. From 18th-century cannons to the lighthouse tower, this coastal stronghold captures the spirit of George Town’s layered history. Plan your visit today and witness the evolution of Penang’s past in stone and steel.

Why Visit

Unfolding the Legacy

Built in 1786 by Captain Francis Light, Fort Cornwallis is more than a relic—it’s a living museum of colonial ambition, maritime defense, and cultural transformation. Located in George Town, near the Queen Victoria Memorial Clock Tower, the fort stands sentinel over Penang’s coastline, where trade ships once docked and empires clashed.

• Oldest surviving British fort in Malaysia, built to safeguard colonial interests
• Constructed by Indian convict labor during British expansion
• Named after Charles Earl Cornwallis, then Governor-General of Bengal
• Site of cultural convergence and political tension between colonial powers and Kedah
• Preserved under Malaysia’s Antiquities Act as an essential national monument

Architectural Highlights & Historical Footprints

Construction Timeline

• Initial Build (1786): Timber and palm materials used; approx. 46.4 sqm
• Reinforcement (1808): Transition to durable stone structures
• Threats & Resistance: Faced criticisms, external attacks, and local unrest
• Repurposing (1815–Present): Converted into a space for art, culture, and education

Fort’s Strategic Location

• Overlooking the Straits of Malacca
• Vulnerable to maritime invasion, yet strategically positioned for trade
• Proximity to Queen Victoria Clock Tower and Esplanade makes it central and accessible

New Fort Facilities: Kota Selera & Beyond

A major RM23.4 million revitalization project brings new life to Fort Cornwallis:

Astaka Kota Selera

• Opening Soon: Official launch expected next month
• Capacity: 26 food stalls and seating for 224 patrons
• Public–Private Collaboration: A modern take on heritage preservation
• Fusion of Food & History: Adds local culinary charm to a colonial setting

Tanjong Penaga: The Name Behind Penang’s Roots

Before Penang was Penang, locals knew it as Tanjong Penaga—named after trees surrounding Fort Cornwallis. Even today, land grants carry traces of this original identity, keeping the story alive among Seberang Perai residents.

Fort Cornwallis Lighthouse: Watchtower of the Past

Historical Beacon Details

• Station: Fort Cornwallis Lighthouse
• Built: 1882
• Structure: 21m tall, white steel framework
• Elevation: 27 meters
• Light Character: FI.R.2s
• Range: 16 nautical miles
• Coordinates: 5° 25.3′ N, 100° 20.7′ E

This lighthouse once guided vessels through Malaysia’s most strategic strait, marking the importance of Fort Cornwallis in Penang’s maritime legacy.

Quick Info

User Reviews & Testimonials

“Fort Cornwallis is history you can walk through. The cannons, the lighthouse—it all felt so real.” — Rachel K., Sydney

“The Kota Selera upgrades make this the perfect heritage-meets-hawker experience. Great food, beautiful history.” — Zamarul Bakhtiar., Kuala Lumpur

“I didn’t expect Fort Cornwallis to be so interactive and immersive. Highly recommend visiting early in the day.” — Abdul Jabbar., Dubai

Contact & Booking Information

Final Thoughts

Fort Cornwallis stands as Penang’s steadfast narrator—retelling tales of colonial ambitions, regional politics, local defiance, and evolving identity. It’s not just bricks and cannons; it’s a place where culture, power, and legacy meet. With new facilities like Astaka Kota Selera and enduring attractions like the Fort Lighthouse, this landmark promises both historical insight and modern charm.

Plan your visit to Fort Cornwallis—where Penang’s colonial roots meet present-day pride.