Sandakan
Sandakan, Sabah’s coastal gem, is a destination where wildlife encounters, colonial history, and eco-adventures converge. This guide explores its highlights, attractions, trekking opportunities, and nearby gems, offering travelers a comprehensive look at one of Borneo’s most captivating cities.
Introduction
Sandakan, located on the northeastern coast of Sabah, Malaysia, is often called the “Gateway to Borneo’s Wildlife.” Once the capital of British North Borneo, it is now renowned for its lush rainforests, diverse wildlife, and poignant wartime history. Visitors are drawn to its Sepilok Orangutan Rehabilitation Centre, the Kinabatangan River, and cultural landmarks that narrate its colonial past. Sandakan is not just a stopover—it’s a destination that blends eco-tourism, heritage, and adventure into a memorable journey.
History
Sandakan’s history is deeply intertwined with trade, colonialism, and war. In the late 19th century, it became the capital of British North Borneo, thriving on timber exports and maritime trade. The city’s cosmopolitan character earned it the nickname “Little Hong Kong.” During World War II, Sandakan witnessed tragedy with the infamous Sandakan Death Marches, where thousands of Allied prisoners perished. Today, memorials and preserved colonial buildings like the Agnes Keith House and St. Michael’s Church stand as reminders of resilience and remembrance.
Highlights
Sepilok Orangutan Rehabilitation Centre
Founded in 1964, Sepilok is one of the world’s leading sanctuaries for orangutans. Visitors can witness feeding sessions and learn about conservation efforts. The center also houses a Sun Bear Conservation Centre, making it a hub for wildlife rehabilitation.
Kinabatangan River
The Kinabatangan River is renowned for its biodiversity, offering river cruises where travelers can spot pygmy elephants, proboscis monkeys, crocodiles, and hornbills. It is one of the richest ecosystems in Southeast Asia, and lodges along the river provide immersive experiences including night walks and birdwatching tours.
Turtle Islands Park
Located about 40 km off Sandakan’s coast, Turtle Islands Park is dedicated to sea turtle conservation. Visitors can witness nesting turtles at night and the release of hatchlings into the sea, a rare and moving experience. The park consists of three islands—Selingan, Bakkungan Kecil, and Gulisan—each playing a vital role in protecting endangered green and hawksbill turtles.
Attractions
Agnes Keith House
This colonial home turned museum showcases the life of author Agnes Keith, who documented her experiences in Sandakan during WWII. It offers insights into the city’s wartime struggles and resilience.
St. Michael’s and All Angels Church
Built in 1893, this Gothic-style church is one of Sabah’s oldest stone buildings. It survived wartime bombings and now serves as a heritage landmark.
Sandakan Memorial Park
The Sandakan Memorial Park is built on the site of a former WWII prisoner‑of‑war camp. It commemorates the thousands of Allied soldiers who perished during the Sandakan Death Marches. The park features memorial plaques, a small museum, and serene gardens, making it a solemn yet essential historical site.
Puu Jih Shih Temple
The Puu Jih Shih Temple is a striking Chinese Buddhist temple perched on a hill overlooking Sandakan Bay. Built in 1987, it features ornate architecture, golden statues, and sweeping views of the city. It is a spiritual site for the local Chinese community and a popular stop for tourists seeking cultural immersion.
Gomantong Caves
The Gomantong Caves are limestone caves famous for edible bird’s nests harvested by locals. The caves are also home to thousands of bats and swiftlets, creating a dramatic natural spectacle. Visitors can explore boardwalks inside the cave system and learn about the centuries‑old bird’s nest trade.
Bornean Sun Bear Conservation Centre
Located next to Sepilok, the Bornean Sun Bear Conservation Centre (BSBCC) was founded in 2008 by Dr. Wong Siew Te. It rescues and rehabilitates sun bears, the smallest bear species, with over 40 individuals currently housed in forest enclosures. Visitors observe them from elevated boardwalks and learn about threats like deforestation and illegal pet trade.
Rainforest Discovery Centre
Located near Sepilok, the Rainforest Discovery Centre offers canopy walks, jungle trails, and educational exhibits. It is a hotspot for birdwatching, with species such as hornbills, kingfishers, and pittas frequently spotted. The center promotes environmental education and is a favorite among eco‑tourists.
Sandakan Central Market
This market is indeed a bustling hub in the city center, famous for fresh seafood, dried anchovies, prawns, and local delicacies. It has multiple levels: the ground floor for seafood, the first floor for dried goods and handicrafts, and the second floor for food stalls. It is both a shopping and cultural experience.
Sim Sim Water Village
Sim Sim (also known as Buli Sim Sim) is a traditional stilt village, one of Sandakan’s oldest settlements dating back to 1879. It reflects maritime heritage and is home to Bajau and Chinese communities. Visitors can walk boardwalks, dine at seafood restaurants, and see the original site of Sandakan town.
Sandakan Crocodile Farm
Located about 12 km from town, this is Malaysia’s largest crocodile farm with over 3,000 reptiles. It features crocodile and snake shows, a mini zoo with Amazonian fish, and a children’s park. However, reviews are mixed, with some visitors criticizing animal welfare conditions.
Japanese Cemetery
Established in 1890 by Kinoshita Kuni, the cemetery primarily holds graves of Japanese women known as karayuki-san (prostitutes sent abroad due to poverty). It later added a monument for WWII soldiers in 1989. It is part of the Sandakan Heritage Trail and remains a poignant historical site.
Sandakan Heritage Museum
Located in Wisma Warisan, this museum showcases pre‑war and post‑war history, including barter trade items, colonial office equipment, and a mural of Sandakan in 1935. It is part of the Heritage Trail and linked to the Sabah Museum.
Sam Sing Kung Temple
Built in 1887, this Taoist temple is the third oldest in Sandakan, dedicated to three saints: Lord Guan (justice), Tin Hou/Mazu (protection for seafarers), and Wenchang Emperor (success in exams). It houses historical artifacts like a bronze bell donated by Sandakan’s first Kapitan Cina.
St. Mary’s Cathedral
Founded in 1883, St. Mary’s is the oldest Catholic church in Sandakan and the seat of the Diocese of Sandakan. It began as a mission station by Mill Hill missionaries and later expanded with schools and a convent. The current structure blends modern and traditional architecture.
Sandakan Rainforest Park
This park preserves one of the last patches of primary rainforest within the city. It features nature trails, orchids, pitcher plants, and WWII historical significance as part of the Death March trail. It is ideal for birdwatching and short hikes.
Batu Sapi Town
Batu Sapi is known for its rock formation shaped like a buffalo, created by water erosion. It is tied to local legends and has a heritage park. However, reviews note poor maintenance of viewing areas, though recent efforts have improved cleanliness.
Must Try Foods
Sandakan Seafood Noodles
Sandakan’s seafood noodles are iconic, made from fish paste that gives the noodles a chewy texture. Served in a clear broth with fish slices, prawns, or squid, they are a breakfast staple at local shops such as Kong Teck and Bak Seng Lau.
Butter Prawns
Butter prawns are a Sandakan specialty, prepared with deep‑fried prawns tossed in butter, curry leaves, chili, and egg floss. The freshness of locally caught prawns elevates the flavor, making it a must‑order dish at seafood restaurants like Sim Sim and Ocean King.
Fresh Crab Dishes
Sandakan is renowned for crab dishes such as Kam Heong Crab and Sweet & Sour Crab. Waterfront restaurants serve them either steamed to preserve natural sweetness or cooked in rich sauces, showcasing the abundance of crustaceans in local waters.
UFO Tart
The UFO tart was invented in Sandakan in 1955 by Hainanese baker Fu Ah On. It features a sponge base topped with custard and meringue, resembling a flying saucer. Locals affectionately call it “cow dung tart,” and May 5 is celebrated as UFO Tart Day in Sabah.
Kuih Cincin
Kuih cincin is a traditional Bajau and Bruneian Malay snack shaped like rings, made from rice flour and palm sugar, then deep‑fried twice for crunch. It is a festive treat often sold in Sandakan’s markets and enjoyed during cultural celebrations.
Ikan Bakar (Grilled Fish)
Sandakan’s Sim Sim Water Village is famous for ikan bakar, where freshly caught fish, stingray, or squid are marinated in spices and grilled over charcoal. Served with sambal and rice, it is a staple of local dining.
Nasi Lemak Sandakan Style
Unlike traditional nasi lemak, Sandakan’s version is a modern café adaptation, often featuring seafood accompaniments like prawns or bamboo‑served rice. It reflects the city’s coastal identity but is not a heritage dish.
Dried Seafood Products
Sandakan Central Market is renowned for dried seafood such as anchovies, prawns, fish maw, and prawn crackers. These products are popular souvenirs and highlight the city’s fishing heritage.
Bak Kut Teh Sandakan Style
Sandakan is unique for its seafood bak kut teh, where fresh prawns, squid, and fish replace pork ribs in a peppery herbal broth. Restaurants like Nam Chai are famous for this local twist.
Coconut Jelly
Coconut jelly is a refreshing dessert made from fresh coconut water and flesh, set into a soft jelly. It is popular in Sandakan’s cafés and markets, offering a cooling treat in the tropical climate.
Mosques
Sandakan District Mosque
The Sandakan District Mosque, also known as Masjid Daerah Sandakan, is the city’s main mosque. Built between 1985 and 1989, it features a large dome and minaret and serves as the central place of worship for the district.
- Address: Jalan Sim‑Sim, 90000 Sandakan, Sabah
- Phone: 014‑376 2526 / 011‑3145 7374
Masjid At‑Taqwa Taman Merpati
Located in Taman Merpati, Masjid At‑Taqwa is a well‑known mosque with modern architecture and spacious prayer halls. It is popular among residents for daily prayers and community events.
- Address: 10, Jalan Taman Rimba 1, 90000 Sandakan, Sabah
- Phone: 012‑333 4545
Masjid Nurussyakirin Taman Indah Jaya
This mosque in Taman Indah Jaya is recognized for its welcoming atmosphere and active programs. It provides facilities for Quran classes and youth activities, making it a hub for the local Muslim community.
- Address: Jalan Indah Jaya Flats, Batu 4, 90008 Sandakan, Sabah
Jannatun Naim Mosque
Jannatun Naim Mosque is a smaller but highly respected mosque in Sandakan. It is known for its peaceful environment and strong community involvement in religious education.
- Address: Taman Sri Taman, Batu 3½, Jalan Labuk, Peti Surat 1221, 90000 Sandakan, Sabah
Masjid Raya Seri Aman
Located in Pekan Muhibbah, Masjid Raya Seri Aman is admired for its striking design and serene setting. It is one of the most beautiful mosques in Sandakan, attracting worshippers and visitors alike.
- Address: Rancangan Sungai Manila, Batu 12, Peti Surat 1038, 90711 Sandakan, Sabah
Pangiran Galpam Mosque
Situated along Jalan Labuk, Pangiran Galpam Mosque is a prominent mosque serving the surrounding neighborhoods. It is valued for its accessibility and active congregation.
- Address: Batu 7, Jalan Labuk, 90000 Sandakan, Sabah
Masjid Al‑Furqan Kampung Sim Sim
Masjid Al‑Furqan in Kampung Sim Sim is a coastal mosque that reflects the fishing village’s heritage. Its location near the water makes it a unique and picturesque place of worship.
- Address: Kampung Sim Sim, 90000 Sandakan, Sabah
Masjid Taman Fajar
Masjid Taman Fajar is a community mosque with modern facilities. It is well‑maintained and serves as a center for religious gatherings and festive prayers.
- Address: 223, Lorong Fajar 2, Taman Fajar, 90000 Sandakan, Sabah
Masjid Assyakirin Taman Tinosan
Located in Taman Tinosan, Masjid Assyakirin is known for its vibrant community activities. It provides prayer facilities and hosts educational programs for children and adults.
- Address: Jalan Bunga Matahari, 90000 Sandakan, Sabah, Malaysia
- Phone: 088‑245 675
Masjid Al‑Kahfi Taman Rimba
Masjid Al‑Kahfi in Taman Rimba is a smaller mosque but important to its local neighborhood. It offers a quiet space for worship and community bonding.
- Address: Lorong Rimba 1, Taman Rimba, 90000 Sandakan, Sabah
Major Trails
Sandakan offers several scenic trails ranging from rainforest walks to coastal paths. These routes are popular among hikers and nature lovers, with options for both beginners and experienced trekkers.
Sepilok Forest Trail
The Sepilok Forest Trail is a popular hike near the Sepilok Orangutan Rehabilitation Centre. It winds through lowland rainforest, offering opportunities to spot hornbills, macaques, and tropical flora. The trail is well‑maintained and accessible for casual hikers.
Taman Sentosa Trail
Located in Sandakan’s Taman Sentosa area, this trail is about 5 km long with gentle elevation. It is favored by locals for morning and evening walks, providing a mix of urban greenery and quiet forest paths.
Rainforest Discovery Centre Canopy Walk
The Rainforest Discovery Centre features canopy walkways and jungle trails that allow hikers to experience the forest from above. It is especially popular with birdwatchers, as hornbills and kingfishers are frequently seen.
Sandakan Heritage Trail
This urban trail connects historical landmarks such as the Agnes Keith House, St. Michael’s Church, and the Japanese Cemetery. It is less about wilderness and more about cultural exploration, blending walking with heritage discovery.
Walking in Sandakan Trail
This 8 km trail offers a mix of urban and natural scenery, with an elevation gain of over 900 meters. It is considered moderately challenging and provides panoramic views of Sandakan’s coastline and hills.
Batu Sapi Trail
Near Batu Sapi town, this trail leads to limestone formations shaped like a buffalo. It is short but culturally significant, tied to local legends, and offers views of fishing villages and coastal landscapes.
Sandakan Hill Trail
This 4 km trail climbs through forested terrain with nearly 400 meters of elevation gain. It is popular among fitness hikers and provides a good workout while showcasing Sandakan’s inland greenery.
Sim Sim Coastal Walk
Near Kampung Sim Sim, this trail follows boardwalks along the stilt village. It is more of a cultural walk than a hike, offering views of the sea, fishing boats, and traditional wooden houses.
Kinabatangan Riverside Walk
While most visitors take boat cruises, there are short riverside trails near lodges along the Kinabatangan River. These walks allow close encounters with wildlife such as proboscis monkeys and hornbills.
Sandakan Rainforest Park Trail
This trail runs through one of the last primary rainforest patches in Sandakan city. It features orchids, pitcher plants, and birdlife, making it ideal for short hikes and nature study.
| Trail | Difficulty Level | Popularity |
|---|---|---|
| Sepilok Forest Trail | Easy – flat paths, suitable for beginners | High – popular with tourists visiting Sepilok Orangutan Centre |
| Rainforest Discovery Centre Canopy Walk | Easy to Moderate – canopy walkways and short jungle trails | High – birdwatchers and eco‑tourists flock here |
| Sandakan Heritage Trail | Easy – urban walk connecting landmarks | High – cultural tourists and history enthusiasts |
| Sandakan Rainforest Park Trail | Easy to Moderate – nature trails in primary forest | Medium – nature lovers and birdwatchers visit |
| Deramakot Forest Reserve Trails | Moderate to Challenging – long treks in certified rainforest | Medium – eco‑tourists and wildlife photographers |
Nearby Attractions
Labuk Bay Proboscis Monkey Sanctuary
Labuk Bay Proboscis Monkey Sanctuary is a privately owned reserve where visitors can observe proboscis monkeys in their natural mangrove habitat. The sanctuary provides feeding platforms and educational talks, allowing close encounters with these unique primates known for their distinctive noses and playful behavior.
- Address: Mile 19, Jalan Labuk, Sandakan, Sabah, 90000, Malaysia
- Phone: 089‑672 133 / 019‑853 4098 / 017‑892 5191
Deramakot Forest Reserve
A hidden gem for eco-tourists, Deramakot is a sustainable logging forest where rare species like clouded leopards and orangutans roam. Covers 55,507 hectares of mixed dipterocarp forest. Managed by the Sabah Forestry Department, it is the world’s longest‑certified tropical rainforest under FSC standards. Accessible via Telupid, about 3–4 hours from Sandakan.
- Address: Deramakot Forest Management Unit (FMU), Telupid, Beluran District, Sandakan Division, Sabah, Malaysia
- Phone: 089‑278 800 / 082‑248 000
Conclusion
Sandakan is a destination where nature, history, and adventure converge. From orangutans at Sepilok to wartime memorials and river safaris, the city offers a holistic travel experience. Its blend of eco-tourism and cultural heritage makes it one of Borneo’s most rewarding journeys.
Visitor Reviews
Nor Syazwani, Kuala Rompin, Pahang ⭐⭐⭐⭐ “I visited the Sepilok Orangutan Rehabilitation Centre and was amazed at how close you can get to the orangutans during feeding time. The boardwalks are well maintained, and the staff explained the conservation work clearly. Sandakan’s seafood was excellent, especially the butter prawns at the waterfront. Transport options are limited though, so planning ahead is important.”
James Robert Harold, Singapore ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐ “The Kinabatangan River cruise was unforgettable. We spotted pygmy elephants, proboscis monkeys, and hornbills in their natural habitat. The guides were knowledgeable and made sure we understood the importance of protecting this ecosystem. Staying at a riverside lodge added to the adventure, with night walks revealing owls and fireflies.”
Rossi Da Mata, Rome ⭐⭐⭐⭐ “Exploring the Agnes Keith House gave me a deep sense of Sandakan’s colonial past. The exhibits are well curated, and the view from the hill is stunning. Compared to Kota Kinabalu, Sandakan feels quieter and more authentic, which I appreciated. The nearby St. Michael’s Church was another highlight, with its Gothic architecture and wartime history.”
Ahmad Azumu Bin Haji Faizal, Kuala Lumpur ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐ “My trip to Turtle Islands Park was emotional. Watching hatchlings crawl to the sea at night was a once-in-a-lifetime experience. The facilities are basic but sufficient, and the conservation staff are passionate about their work. It’s a must-visit for anyone who loves marine life and wants to support turtle conservation.”